Part 1:
Even
through hunter-gatherers has been around for millions years, they have been
very successful in all these years, with being so good with hunting. They drove
most pray species to extinction. Not only great hunting skills, but also they
survived through dramatic climate change, for example: The Ice Age. Agriculture
became very helpful, by giving people a chance, to settle in one area. This was
great because now the people could give up the nomadic life. That’s not all though, it gave of a train
reaction, of learning hands on labor on how to grow crops, build homes, and a
new lifestyle. With this new lifestyle the cultures population grew larger. A
hunter-gather seemed tough with all there hunting experience, but they hunted
more than they grew crops, and by putting most animal species extinct, it
became harder to find food, which results into moving place to place. The
Agriculture in away is good but also has their downfalls. When agriculture
finally settled down in one location, to be able to grow crops, they needed
more room. By moving, or taking down the forest
Tress, bushes etc., this has caused erosions. The
agriculture would have the best diet, because not only did they have meats such
as (small mammals, deer, box turtle, elk etc.) but also had crops such as
(corn, beans, and squash). The hunter-gatherer had mostly meat, not much of
crops. Well about 12,000 years ago when agriculture took place was because the
climate changed dramatically. When settling in a more livable environment and
the population starting growing, that’s when agriculture was used more because
people liked that environment, and they wanted to stay within that area. After
the population was so big, moving around many people would become more of a
problem.
Part 2:
This
consists of exporting and importing goods. Surplus and trade are a team organization,
if surplus is positive then there exporting more than importing, but if they were
trading then this would be negative, which is usually called “trade gap.” The
goal in this organization is to have goods and services balance, by making sure
they were divided. Two social benefits of trade would be (1) communication, and
(2) Technology, just with these two so much has the trading organization grown and
accomplished. Asia’s growing demand with the U.S., because major trading
drivers were using communication, and computers (technology) goods, to me, to
be brought productions up for the better, not just Asia but the U.S. also. Two
negative social benefits would be: (1) cheaper labor, and (2) lower standards.
Negative impacts of trade can encourage production in areas with cheap labor
and or lower standards. For example: child labor and sweatshops in China and
India. The agriculture has developed in so many ways like the replacement of
human labor, from when hunting and growing crops, unlike now meat is killed for
us and soled to us in stores and the same goes for crops. The development of trade
has changed so dramatically since 12,000 years ago exceptionally exporting and
importing their goods. Their goods had to be transported by animal and people
walking to their distance.
SOURCES:
Part1:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunter-gatherer
http://www.raw-food-health.net/HunterGatherers.html
http://www.earth360.com/diet_paleodiet_balzer.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture
http://www.globalharvestinitiative.org/Documents/Motes%20-%20Modern%20Agriculture%20and%20Its%20Benefits.pdf
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092180099700579X
Part 2:
http://www.surplustrading.com/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_trade
http://jobs.utah.gov/ui/jobseeker/tradeact.asp
http://yourknowledge.hubpages.com/hub/Globalization-The-Benefits-of-Trade
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_and_development
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_agriculture
SOURCES:
Part1:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunter-gatherer
http://www.raw-food-health.net/HunterGatherers.html
http://www.earth360.com/diet_paleodiet_balzer.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture
http://www.globalharvestinitiative.org/Documents/Motes%20-%20Modern%20Agriculture%20and%20Its%20Benefits.pdf
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092180099700579X
Part 2:
http://www.surplustrading.com/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_trade
http://jobs.utah.gov/ui/jobseeker/tradeact.asp
http://yourknowledge.hubpages.com/hub/Globalization-The-Benefits-of-Trade
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_and_development
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_agriculture
I have to say you have provided great information in your part 1. Hunter-gatherer are tough people, and very creative in my eyes. If you had the choice of being ONE, which one would you be and why: HUNTER-GATHERER or AGRICULTURE? If I had a choice a would want a Agriculture, because there more of a settle down culture and not always on the move, I guess you could say calmer. You did really well on your post; I did very well enjoy reading it.
ReplyDeleteYour benefits and costs of trade are really good and true, especially in the modern world. I have to disagree with your statement that people of an agricultural culture have better diets than people of hunter-gatherer communities. Farming involves growing a whole lot of a few foods, and those communities generally wouldn't have any deer or small mammals because their diets would only consist of foods they grow and animals they raise. Hunter-gatherers, on the other hand, actually have a lot of plants in their diet. The men go out and hunt, but women gather a variety of plants to eat.
ReplyDeleteOnce again, Luna, I do not know who you are. Please identify yourself if you are a student in this class and are mistakenly using an incorrect id from an alternate google account. If you are not from this class, you need to stop posting on the student account.
DeleteI agree with the positive and negative effects of trade. I think communication is a very important social skill to have and with trade it is much better across the world. Also the negatives are also very true. Cheap labor is caused by trade because there is less of a need for only one country to master all the skills. Great post!
ReplyDeleteFirst of all, hunter gatherer populations were large enough to drive any prey into extinction, so this is not one of the costs of a HG lifestyle. That happened much later as human populations grew in size. The rest of your discussion on costs and benefits are fine.
ReplyDeleteFor clarity, HG subsistence grew NO crops at all. They gathered naturally growing plants, berries and seeds. The HG subsistence actually produced a healthier diet than agriculture. Evidence from current populations and from fossil evidence supports the fact that HG diets result in fewer nutritional deficiencies, fewer dental caries, and greater nutritional diversity. The greater supply of agriculture doesn't mean better quality.
The climate might have been changing 12,000 years ago, but this would have happened too slowly to cause such a significant behavioral change in humans. Additionally, increases in population size wouldn't have happened until after agriculture developed, so this wouldn't have been a causal factor. More than likely, it was simply the ability to produce a more reliable source of nutrition without moving.
Many of your costs and benefits of trade are valid for 12,000 years ago but keep in mind that we are talking about the start of trade, not modern trade. During the time we are discussing, there was no import/export, no India, no China, no sweatshops, no labor standards. Try thinking about these issues again but in terms of 12,000 years ago when trade was first developing.